Cognitive control in media multitaskers

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Eyal Ophir

Clifford Nass

Anthony D. Wagner

Attention

Cognition

executive function

multitasking

working memory

Chronic media multitasking is quickly becoming ubiquitous, although processing multiple incoming streams of information is considered a challenge for human cognition. A series of experiments addressed whether there are systematic differences in information processing styles between chronically heavy and light media multitaskers. A trait media multitasking index was developed to identify groups of heavy and light media multitaskers. These two groups were then compared along established cognitive control dimensions. Results showed that heavy media multitaskers are more susceptible to interference from irrelevant environmental stimuli and from irrelevant representations in memory. This led to the surprising result that heavy media multitaskers performed worse on a test of task-switching ability, likely due to reduced ability to filter out interference from the irrelevant task set. These results demonstrate that media multitasking, a rapidly growing societal trend, is associated with a distinct approach to fundamental information processing.

106

37

15583-15587

09/15/2009

PNAS

en

10.1073/pnas.0903620106

0027-8424, 1091-6490